Itf THfc feRlTlStf ISLANDS. 73 



Hadena, Och., adusta, Esp. 



The British examples of this species vary but little, and as a rule have 

 indistinct markings. The Rannoch, Howth, Glasgow and Aberdeen 

 specimens are, perhaps, rather more tinted with red, whilst those in my 

 possession which have the least of the latter colour came from With erslack, 

 Pitcaple and Warrington. The transverse lines are usually ill-developed, 

 except the subterminal ; and the stigmata generally indistinct and 

 badly defined, so that the fore wings have a very unicolorous appear- 

 ance. The Shetland specimens, on the other hand, are paler in ground 

 colour, have the basal, and also the elbowed and subterminal lines, 

 whitish, the space beyond the elbowed line very pale, so that the 

 subterminal is not very conspicuous, and the area between the com- 

 plete basal and angulated lines forms a band owing to the extensive 

 development of the central shade and HH-like mark. This mark is 

 made of two distinct parts, the claviform, and a streak developed on 

 the angulated line, which frequently unite, as was remarked in 

 Cleoceris viminalis. The orbicular varies in size, and is occasionally 

 absent, whilst one or two specimens, in a very long series show traces 

 of a dark quadrate spot between the orbicular and renif orm. As before 

 remarked, the subterminal line is generally clearly marked, and in 

 some specimens the W-part of it extends outwards into the fringe, 

 but in one specimen from Pitcaple, it is reduced to a row of dots, and 

 in another is almost obsolete. The cuneiform spots vary much, 

 from total absence to a complete row. The reniform is occasionally 

 lined with ochreous on its outer margin. The hind wings always 

 show some tendency to sexual dimorphism, those of the males being 

 paler, but the specimens from Warrington are very strongly developed 

 in this respect. The type of this species is thus described by Esper : 

 "Alis superioribus crenulatis, runs, nigro-nubeculosis, stigmatibus 

 strigisque duabus angulato-flexuosis flavis, limbo nigricante ; inferi- 

 oribus albidis, venis margineque externo nigricantibus " ('Die Schmet. 

 in Abbild.,' p. 483). Of the figures (PL 149, figs. 1-2) to which this 

 description refers, I note : " They are much redder than anything 

 we get in Britain." Of the Shetland form, Herr A. Hoffman writes : 

 " They have a reddish ground colour and are more distinctly marked 

 than the ordinary form, and agree more with the specimens from the 

 Upper Hartz" (< Stett. Ent. Zeit.,' 1884, p. 364). Hiibner's valida 

 (figs. 606-608) appears to agree with the typical form. Of H. adusta 

 from Aberdeenshire, Mr. Reid writes : " I never saw pale forms of 

 this species, neither have I seen them unicolorous black ; reddish 

 specimens with rather darker markings (adusta, Esp.) are not rare, but 

 our most common form is the dark variegated one (duplex, Haw.). I 

 have (or had) a most curious suffused brownish specimen (satura, St. ?), 

 without any markings, and I once saw another ; but on the whole, 

 striking varieties are rare " (in litt.), whilst of Irish specimens Mr. Kane 

 writes : " The Irish adusta are generally blackish with a slight purple 

 gloss. I have a couple of poor specimens rather pale, not worn, and a 

 few blackish ones with somewhat obsolete markings " (in. litt.), and 

 of the Warrington specimens Mr. Collins writes : " 1 take dark varie- 

 gated forms (var. duplex) most frequently of any, and never saw an 

 unicolorous black specimen. I also get them reddish-brown, with 

 transverse lines yellowish, and stigmata whitish, which would most 



