4 PELECANID^E 



scattered straight plumes ; throat and front of cheeks, 

 white ; back and wings, greenish-brown and black ; 

 primaries, black ; breast and abdomen, dark bluish-black ; 

 large pure white patch on the flanks ; tail (of fourteen 

 feathers) black. 



Adult female nuptial. Kesembles the male plumage, 

 but is duller, with a shorter crest. 



Adult winter, male and female. The crest is very short; 

 throat and front of cheeks, impure white; white on the 

 flanks replaced by bluish-black. 



Immature, male and female. Plumage chiefly dark 

 brown, the breast and abdomen being a paler shade, mottled 

 with white. 



BEAK. Brown (except the basal part of the lower 

 segment and the throat-pouch, which are yellow) ; hooked 

 at the extremity. 



FEET. 1 Black. 



IEIDES. Bright green. 



AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 



TOTAL LENGTH 36 in. Female smaller. 



WING 14 



BEAK 2*7 ,, 



TARSO-METATARSUS ... 2'25 ,, 



EGG ... 2-75 X 1'6 in. 



Allied Species and Eepresentative Forms P. novcz- 

 liollandice is the Australian and New Zealand form. 



1 The term FEET is here used in its strict morphological sense, and 

 includes not simply the toes, and, in the case of water-birds, the webs, 

 but also the tarso-metatarsi (the so-called " legs " or " tarsi"). In most 

 birds the feet are covered with scales, and the legs with feathers, 

 excepting a very limited portion immediately above the ankle-joints. 

 In this region the legs are clothed with scales which are usually the 

 same colour as those of the tarso-metatarsi, and do not call for a sepa- 

 rate description. Most birds support themselves on their toes, but 

 some species, such as the Auks, Divers and Grebes, frequently bring 

 the whole foot in contact with the ground when standing. 



