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Iceland, Asia, and America. On its winter passage it 

 reaches the seas and some of the larger sheets of fresh 

 water in Central and Southern Europe. Eastward its 

 migrations extend to China and Japan, while along the 

 Atlantic sea-board it is to be found as far south as Central 

 America. 



DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS. 



PLUMAGE. Adult male nuptial Head, neck, upper 

 breast, and back, glossy-black, reflecting shades of green 

 and purple ; rest of back, scapulars, and most of the wing- 

 coverts, finely pencilled with black and white ; ' speculum ' 

 white, bordered with greenish-black ; primaries, brown ; 

 lower breast and abdomen, white ; tail, brown with darker 

 coverts. 



Adult male, post-nuptial or eclipse. Closely resembles 

 the adult female plumage. 



Adult female nuptial. Head very dark brown, with a 

 noticeable white patch at the base of the beak ; neck, upper 

 breast, and back, brown ; rest of back, dusky-brown, finely 

 pencilled with grey ; the flanks and under tail-coverts of 

 rather similar markings ; abdomen, dull greyish-white. 



Adult winter, male and female. Similar to the respec- 

 tive nuptial plumages. 



Immature, male and female. Resembles the female 

 plumage. 



BEAK. Bright slate-blue, tipped black. 



FEET. Bluish-grey. 



IEIDES. Bright golden-yellow. 



AVERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 



TOTAL LENGTH 19 in. 



WING 8'5 



BEAK T75 ,, 



TARSO-METATABSUS T5 ,, 



EGG 2-6 x 1'75 in. 



Allied Species and Representative Forms. F. affinis is 

 the Lesser Scaup, a smaller American form. But the bird 

 figured as such in the earlier editions of Yarrell appears to 

 be a hybrid between the Scaup and Pochard (Saunders). 



