148 ANATID.E 



obliquely across the middle of the wing, and a small white 

 patch behind and below each eye. 



Adult male, post-nuptial or eclipse. Somewhat resembles 

 the adult female plumage, but darker in shade and inter- 

 spersed with black feathers. 



Adult female nuptial. Back and wings, dark brown ; 

 breast and abdomen, lighter in shade ; the white patch 

 extends in front of as well as behind the eye, and the wing- 

 bar is smaller and less distinct than in the male. 



Adult winter, male and female. Similar to the respective 

 nuptial plumages. 



Immature, male and female. Besembles the female in 

 plumage. 



BEAK. Yellow ; ' basal protuberance ' black, from which 

 a thin dark line is prolonged in an oblique direction above 

 each nostril to the tip ; lower margin of the upper segment 

 of the beak, black. 



FEET. Orange red; webs, blackish-brown. 



IRIDES. Light greyish-white. 



AYERAGE MEASUREMENTS. 



TOTAL LENGTH 22 in. 



WING 10-75 



BEAK 1-9 



TARSO-METATARSUS T25 ,, 



EGG 2-75 x 1-9 in. 



Allied Species and Representative Forms. (E. carbo is 

 the true Eastern representative, and (E. velvetina, a smaller 

 bird with a different beak, is the North American form 

 (Saunders) . 



SURF-SCOTER. (Edemia perspicillata (Linnaeus). 



Coloured Figures. Gould, ' Birds of Great Britain,' vol. v, pi. 

 30; Dresser, 'Birds of Europe/ vol. vi, pi. 450; Lilford, 

 * Coloured Figures,' vol. vii, pi. 57. 



The home of the Surf- Scoter is North America, but 

 wanderers have occasionally found their way to our shores, 

 chiefly along the western sea-board. This Duck was first 



