A 



CONTENTS xvii 



CHAPTER XII 



DARWINISM IN POLITICS BAGEHOT 



Applies Darwinism by analogy Evolution transforms imperceptibly 



By nerve tissue in our case; but nothing depends on this asser- 

 tion of use-inheritance by Bagehot; it is a mere illustration 

 Not ethnological, but political questions Problems both of prog- 

 ress and of differentiation 1st, Custom as the remedy for primi- 

 tive wildness in the " fit " Criticism 2nd, Customs winnowed 

 by the test of war 3rd, Free discussion Race blending, etc., 

 as minor factors Three limitations on the Darwinian principle 

 in Bagehot's application of it 



[Note B. On Professor Ritchie's Darwinism and Politics 

 Inconsistency between the different essays One interesting hint] 



CHAPTER XIII 



DARWINISM IN ETHICS PROFESSOR ALEXANDER 



Fusion of idealism and naturalism Moral judgments are facts, but 

 the assertion of free will is absurd Criticism ; capricious ; ignores 

 the content of moral judgments and the germ of a system in them 



Punishment grouped with dynamics? Statics are truly, though 

 imperfectly, moral Goodness is a twofold " equilibrium " This 

 doctrine is enforced against other definitions In the Dynamics 

 equilibrium is revealed as endlessly changing, and is called " com- 

 promise" Ideals compete like organisms for survival Criticism; 

 not (a) true Darwinian struggle, nor () true extinction The 

 new ideals are not wholly new Ideals are complementary So 

 far as he Darwinises he is false to morality 



CHAPTER XIV 



REACTION FROM DARWINISM HUXLEY 



Reaction as to ethics Due to the vision of struggle and pain Not 

 sympathy but justice is essential It must suspend outright the 

 cosmic process Older evolutionism (Greece, India) gave no 

 guidance Criticism; nature and spirit are opposed Yet con- 

 nected, and reason fulfils the cosmic process by transforming it 



