ANALYTICAL CONTENTS xxiii 



CHAPTER XX 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



Self-contradictions Comte is arbitrary Biology has been reinforced 

 by evolutionary theories, yielding different forms of sociological 

 doctrine I . Analogy, without struggle, Stephen 2. Continuity, 

 without struggle, Spencer, Alexander (partly) 3. Analogy of 

 Darwinism, Bagehot, Alexander, Ritchie (?) 4. Continuity of 

 natural selection, Sutherland, Drummond(?), Kidd None of these 

 wholly succeed; Old authorities will return ! Or idealism, which 

 is compatible with the old authorities, may give us a more satisfy- 

 ing doctrine of evolution What have we been taught? (i) A 

 social organism exists Idealism reinforces this lesson (2) Strug- 

 gle has been useful; will it not be? as discussion? as competition? 

 In light of idealism this seems possible Of fact, probable 

 Must not exaggerate its place; it is subordinate in life of reason 

 [Mallock] Finally, does progressiveness of evolution make it a 

 guide to conduct? Difficulties in biology ; environment constant? 



Some forms have stopped ! Some never started ! Differentia- 

 tion plainer here than progress Reason makes for progress in his- 

 tory Is it all-sufficient? (Mill, Buckle) Ancient civilisation failed 



Morality and Christianity must safeguard modern civilisation 



