CHAP, xv REACTION FROM DARWINISM : DRUMMOND 163 



of its quantity or amount is referred to, it is treated 

 as a slight improvement upon those lesser amounts 

 of intelligence which are found among the highest 

 of the lower animals. The muscular ape survived the 

 feeble ape, and the clever ape survived the stupid 

 one. The ape which was muscular but stupid, and 

 the ape which was clever but feeble, ran perhaps a 

 dead heat ; but both of them were distanced a great 

 way by the ape which was at once muscular and 

 clever. At last, however, from one of the clever 

 apes was born one cleverer still, one that deserved to 

 be called rational, to be called human. And hence- 

 forth the future lay with him. He might be healthy 

 or he might be feeble, but his endowment of reason 

 made him more than a match for all the apes, 

 more than a match for everything, unless another 

 human child of the apes was evolved, who had the 

 advantage of being more vigorous than the first, 

 while equally rational. In that case the newcomer 

 must be king ! Of the two endowments, however, 

 and this is Dr. Wallace's point, reason is the 

 stronger. As soon as reason has become the thing 

 best worth preserving by natural selection, rational 

 beings survive. As soon as a rational race estab- 

 lishes itself, we may be sure that reason is the most 

 important of all its helps in the struggle for existence. 

 To this contribution of Mr. Wallace's, Drummond 

 adds the remark that the advent of reason involves the 

 arrest of the body. Natural selection, it has been im- 

 plied, is turning its attention to the mind. Drummond 

 asks us to consider how this affects bodily evolution. 

 It will terminate physical or animal progress. Man 

 has no more need of an improved body ; he uses im- 



