CHAP, xv REACTION FROM DARWINISM: DRUMMOND 165 



grounds, viz. that the human skull has been modified 

 absolutely as far as is possible in favour of brain. If 

 the " crowning race " wish to have much larger brains 

 than the Europeans of to-day, they must do without 

 noses, which would be very awkward for them, not 

 merely from aesthetic considerations. 



The second point of special interest in Drum- 

 mond's statement is the " evolution of a mother." 

 While sex is the region in which morality is supposed 

 to be concentrated, and while the female sex stand 

 for goodness and altruism in contrast to male egoism 

 and badness, Drummond makes it plain that morality 

 first shows itself not in love for the mate, but in love 

 and care for the offspring. That is true for the 

 mother; in course of time it becomes true for the 

 father. Eventually romantic love between the sexes 

 comes as a long-delayed climax. Rather sentimen- 

 tally Drummond points out that even plants are 

 classed scientifically by a reference to the reproduc- 

 tive process; that all the finest foods, milk, fruit, 

 grain, occur in nature for the sake of reproduction, 

 either animal or vegetable ; that the highest animals 

 are named from the function of the highest physical 

 motherhood, mammalia. More noteworthy is the 

 argument, originally Fiske's, that the still higher 

 development of human society, and with it of human 

 morality, is due to the feebleness of infancy. The 

 prolonged helplessness of human infancy kept the 

 family together, and gave depth and constancy to 

 family relationships. What again was the reason for 

 that helplessness of babyhood ? The complexity of 

 the processes gone through by an adult brain in ra- 

 tional life. Animals, even the highest of the lower 



