1/4 FROM COMTE TO BENJAMIN KIDD PART in 



ity was, so far, a kind of by-product in evolution, 

 though an inevitable by-product. Family sympathy 

 was a necessary cause of predominance in those 

 races which had substituted quality for quantity, care 

 or development of offspring for mere fecundity ; but 

 in the first instance germinal morality, or the wider 

 sympathy, was a symptom rather than a condition of 

 progress. 



Only, however, in the first instance ; for as animal 

 life drew nearer and nearer the confines of morality, ' 

 and even before it had grown rational, gregariousness 

 or sociality became serviceable. 1 The more grega- 

 rious were selected, the less social were eliminated. 



Here then we have Drummondism brought into 

 relation with natural selection, and exhibited as a 

 subsection in the Darwinian theory. 



In anthropology Mr. Sutherland is inclined through- 

 out to emphasise the importance of monogamy, and 

 of the poorest, most imperfect approaches to it 

 never conceding much sway to polygamy, and not 

 attaching importance to those strange phases of 

 social development studied, e.g., in connection with 

 totemism. In other words, Mr. Sutherland like 

 Mr. Herbert Spencer, though in different form 

 holds that there were no very complex processes 

 involved in making man so social as he is. It is 

 natural that such views should be advanced by one 

 who puts the centre of moral development in the 

 family, and who believes that all development 

 moral development, infra-moral development, de- 



1 Or so it is argued. The shoal darted away when one fish saw 

 danger ; yes, but did not the shoal become a mark for dangers which 

 solitary individuals might have escaped ? 



