212 FROM COMTE TO BENJAMIN KIDD PART in 



generations as an organic " instinct." 1 Abstract 

 modifiability is transmitted, in the form of intelligence ; 

 individual adjustment, helped by teaching, by the 

 slender fund of animal " tradition," does the rest. 

 Yet even here, where a new force has arisen, natural 

 selection is not abolished. The new force must, I 

 take it, blend with natural selection, so long as 

 struggle lasts. There will be now three effects of 

 natural selection (i) guarding the rear killing off 

 stupid members of the f amliy ; (2) pushing on the van 

 (killing off the less clever too); (3) giving a prefer- 

 ence to the intelligent stock as a stock over non-intelli- 

 gent or less intelligent competitors of an adjacent stock. 

 This is a new point. It is another phase of Natural 

 Selection C. We make a separate heading for it 

 because it brings out most clearly the presence of 

 intelligence as a new evolutionary force, or, otherwise 

 regarded, as a new and advantageous quality. Some 

 will describe the appearance of a new force or quality 

 as being due to Natural Selection A ; we have 

 explained above why we dislike speaking of new 

 qualities as being " due to " natural selection. 



There is yet a further sense in which natural 

 selection continues to work. We claim that even 

 intelligent animals are affected by natural selection 

 (A?) at least in regard to their physique. It is 



1 I am sorry that I have failed to understand Professor Morgan's 

 subtler suggested substitute for use-inheritance. I cannot see how it dif- 

 fers from simple natural selection {Habit and Instinct, chap. xiv.). Are 

 the modifications postulated in the organism anything more than 

 changes coincident with the variations in the germ ? How are they 

 conditions of variation? Does not the selecting environment do 

 everything upon this hypothesis of Professor Morgan's? 



