CHAP, xvii METAPHYSICS OF NATURAL SELECTION 21 5 



forces; telic variation and use-inheritance are can- 

 didates. Not A anywhere ; C everywhere. 1 



To repeat our conclusions then; natural selection 

 (A) is certainly not the only principle of evolution 

 in nature. It is very doubtful whether there is 

 any part of the field where it stands alone (whether 

 natural selection A exists), though it seems meta- 

 physically possible ; i.e. the supposition seems to be 

 sense and not nonsense. On the other hand it is 

 certain that the law of natural selection (B and 

 especially C) is at work, with large effects, in every 

 part of what is strictly called Nature. 



In the next place, we have to approach the cen- 

 tral part of our subject, by asking how far natural 

 selection is applicable to human evolution. Here 

 as elsewhere the burning question is whether nat- 

 ural selection A can be applied to human affairs. 

 But we must keep all three forms in view A, 

 B, and C. 



We must also distinguish between the biological 



1 An odd suggestion offers itself. Can we combine Mr. Sutherland 

 and Professor Lloyd Morgan ? Can we hold that the higher animals 

 are able to advance with less help from natural selection, because they 

 have more help from their intelligence? One must note a distinc- 

 tion ; physical evolution by means of intelligence is not identical with 

 the evolution of rational intelligence, which Drummond, etc., believe 

 " arrests " the body. Higher brute races are certainly intelligent, and 

 (I suppose) are certainly evolving physically. Dr. Mellone (Studies, 

 etc.) puts a different construction on the whole question. He inclines 

 to assume a psychical factor in all evolution, even of plants, on 

 Wundt's view, that plants are descended from animated ancestors! 

 This is very un-Darwinian. 



