APES AND MONKEYS. 311 



to be less clear, but all are so loud that, in the open air, one can hear 

 them distinctly at a distance of an English mile. The same correla- 

 tion between agility of motion and voice-power can be observed in 

 other anthropoid apes. The slow-moving, awkward-looking orang- 

 utan utters, as far as I know, only a strong, deep throat sound; 

 the lively, active, sprightly chimpanzee, with only a few notes, 

 understands so well how to give them variety of emphasis and 

 intelligible expression that one is tempted to concede to him the 

 power of speech. He does not indeed speak with words, but with 

 sounds, and even syllables, of the constancy of whose meaning the 

 observer who has much acquaintance with the chimpanzee can have 

 no doubt. Other anthropoid apes of the same family are probably 

 not far behind him in this respect. 



Anyone who wishes to learn to what a height the mental quali 

 ties of a monkey may reach must select the chimpanzee or one of 

 his nearest relatives for observation, and must associate closely 

 with it for a lengthened period, as I have done. He will then dis- 

 cover with wonder and amazement, perhaps with slight horror, how 

 much the gulf between man and beast can be diminished. The 

 other anthropoid apes, too, are highly gifted creatures; they, too, 

 surpass all other monkeys in this respect; but the talents of the 

 long-armed gibbons or the orang-utans do not attain to the same 

 universally intelligible expression I may say, the same impres- 

 siveness, as those of the chimpanzees and their relatives. They 

 the pongos, the gorilla, the tschiego, and the chimpanzee cannot 

 be treated as animals, but must be associated with as men, if their 

 mental powers are to be known and appreciated. Their intelli- 

 gence is not far behind that of a rude, undisciplined, uneducated 

 human being. They are, and remain animals, but they behave so 

 humanly that one can almost lose sight of the beast. 



For years in succession I have kept chimpanzees, have observed 

 them closely and, as far as possible, without prejudice, have asso- 

 ciated intimately with them, taken them into my family, brought 

 them up as playmates for my children, let them eat at my table, 

 taught and trained them, waited upon them in sickness, and not 

 forsaken them in the hour of death. I have therefore a right to 



