NOTES. 573 



Radloff, the name taiga is also generally applied by the Kalmucks to 

 wooded and rocky mountain-land. 



Note 31, p. 135. Extermination of the Beaver. 



Mr. Martin, in his eulogy of the beaver (Castorologia, 1892), describes 

 the rapid diminution of numbers in Canada, largely as the result of 

 careless greed, but also through the spread of colonisation. He believes 

 that by the end of the century, none will be found except in museums. 

 Their rarity in Europe is well known. 



Note 32, p. 136. Export of skins. 



Kadloff notes, in 1884, that the yearly sale of furs at the Irbitsch fair 

 amounts to between three and four millions of roubles. 



Note 33, p. 144. Velvet of antlers. 



An account of the various ways in which pounded antlers and the 

 vascular velvet were once used in medicine will be found in Prof. W. 

 Marshall's recent Arzenei-Kastlein, Leipzig, 1894. 



Note 34, p. 147. The Elk. 



The elk (Alces machlis) is the largest of the land animals of Europe, and 

 is the same as the " moose " of Canada. 



Note 35, p. 150. Rouble. 



This varies from 3s. 8d. to 3s. I0d., but is usually reckoned as 4*. Of 

 the kopeks, afterwards referred to, a hundred go. to the rouble. 



Note 36, p. I61.Bridk Tea. 



Broken or powdered tea-leaves mixed with the blood of the sheep or ox, 

 and formed into cakes. Other fragrant leaves are sometimes added. 



Note 37, p. 165. The Sear rearing her cubs. 



I have been unable to find any corroboration of this story as to the she- 

 bear employing her children of a former year as nurses. 



THE STEPPES OF INNEE AFRICA. 



See 



Selous, F. C. Travel and Adventure in South-East Africa (1893). 



Solymos, B. (B. E. Falkenberg). Desert Life: Recollections of an Expedi- 

 tion in the Soudan. London, 1880. 



Foa, E. Mes grandes Chasses dans I'Afrique Centrale. Paris, 1895. 



Lichtenstein, M. H. K. Rvise im Siidlichen Africa. Berlin, 1812. 



G. Schweinfurth. The Heart of Africa. 



J. Thomson. Through Masai Land. 



Emin Pasha in Central Africa. Edited by Schweinfurth, Ratzel, Felkin, 

 and Hartlaub. London, 1885. 



Also well-known works by Livingstone, Stanley, &c. 



