CONTENTS. 



PART I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE. 



CHAPTER I. 



Introductory Remarks, 7 Profits and Advantages of Fruit Culture, 8. 



CHAPTER II. 



Leading Principles in the Growth of Trees, 10 Structure of Plants, n Process of Grow- 

 ing, 1 6 Species and Varieties, 21. 



CHAPTER III. 



Production of New Varieties, 22 By Crossing, 23. 



CHAPTER IV. 



Propagation of Sorts, 27 Cuttings, 28 Layers, 30 Grafting, 32 Saving Mice-gnawed 

 Trees, 38 Budding, 39. 



CHAPTER V. 



Soils, 46 Manures, 47 Situation for Orchards, 48 Enclosures and Hedges, 51. 



CHAPTER VI. 



Preparation of the Soil, 56 Laying out Orchards, 57 Transplanting, 59 Watering, 65 

 Mulching, 66 Heeling-in, 67 Distances, 70. 



CHAPTER VII. 



Cultivation of the Soil, 72 Renovating Old Trees, 77 Manuring Orchards, 78. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



Principles and Practice of Pruning, 80 Pruning Young Apple Trees, 87 Pyramids, 89 

 Pruning Old Orchards, 93 Pruning the Peach, 94 Root-pruning, 97. 



CHAPTER IX. 



Tools and Implements, 99 Labels, 105. 



CHAPTER X. 



Thinning Fruit, 109 Gathering, TIO Assorting and Packing for Market, 113 Keeping 

 Fruit, 119 Preserving by Artificial Means, 123. 



CHAPTER XL 



Fruits to Supply a Family, 132 Plan of Fruit Garden, 133. 



CHAPTER XII. 



Management of Nurseries, 139 Planting Seeds, 143 Cultivation, 144 Budding and 

 Grafting, 144 Digging and Packing, 146. 



