CHAPTER IX, 



Fig. 128. 



IMPLEMENTS, ETC. 



THE more common tools needed are the shovel, the spade, and the 

 hoe, for digging holes, transplanting, and cultivating the ground. 

 The rake is useful in mixing manures with the soil for filling the 

 remote parts of large holes. 



The pruning-knife, Fig. 128, is a large hooked knife, for remov- 

 ing useless branches. The 

 pruning-saw is needed in tak- 

 ing off larger limbs ; attached 

 to a handle several feet long, 

 it will reach those at a dis- 

 tance from the ground. The 

 direction of the teeth should be the reverse of the common saw ; 

 that is, they should point 

 towards the operator, con- 

 stituting what is called the 

 draw-saw, Fig. 129. Be- 

 ing thus only subject to a 

 pulling strain, it does not require so thick a blade as a thrust-saw, 

 with the teeth in the usual 

 way. For this reason it is 

 less liable to become bro- 

 ken or twisted. The bow- 

 saw, Fig. 130, is a light 

 saw for cutting near the 

 ground. 



The pruning-chisel may Fig. 130. 



differ but little from those 



of a common carpenter, fixed to the end of a long pole or handle, 

 for cutting off small branches at a considerable height. It is placed 



Fig. 129. 



