478 The Orange. 



Brown Turkey. Medium to large, pyriform, brownish-red ; 

 flesh red, of excellent flavor. One of the hardiest, and the most 

 reliable for open culture. 



Brunswick. (Madonna.) Very large, pyriform, violet, greenish- 

 yellow in the shade ; flesh reddish-brown, flavor rich, excellent. 

 Rather hardy ; productive ; a strong grower. 



Celestial. Very small, violet, sweet ; skin thin. 



Early Violet. Small, roundish, brownish-red, flesh red, good in 

 quality ; hardy and prolific. Recommended for pots and forcing. 



ADDITIONAL REMARKS ON THE ORANGE. 



The increased interest in orange culture of late years, and the 

 rapid extension of plantings since the preceding chapter was writ- 

 ten, demand some additional information. 



Success in orange culture in Florida has been found by experi- 

 ence to depend on thorough cultivation. Neglect is sure to result 

 in failure. Orchards in weeds and grass become feeble and are of 

 little value. Under the best management they have proved quite 

 profitable. This management consists in keeping a clean and 

 mellow soil the season through, in the extermination of insects, 

 the careful selection of specimens, and in good packing for ship- 

 ment. The use of manure is as important as for other fruit-trees, 

 and ashes and lime have been found beneficial. 



Plantations are often made of natural seedlings, but these give a 

 mixture of good and bad fruit, in various shades of appearance and 

 flavor. The best seedlings are those obtained from fruit of the 

 best quality, growing away from inferior sorts and not liable tc be 

 crossed by them. The surest way, however, is to bud or graft with 

 fine varieties, in the same way that budding and grafting is per- 

 formed on other fruit-trees at the North. 



A successful way for obtaining an orchard, according to Moore, 

 is to take up wild trees two inches in diameter, by digging a circle 

 of roots four or five feet in diameter and with as little injury and 

 mutilation as practicable, set them in rather shallow holes, and 

 graft them. The best localities are along or near open water ; the 

 next is on elevated ground, the same rules applying as with the 

 peach, already fully explained in the chapter on that fruit. The 

 land should have perfect natural drainage, the trees succeeding 

 on various soils avoiding hard pan, provided the cultivation is 

 thorough. In his " Hand Book of Orange Culture," Moore gives 

 the following illustration of the value of screens : ''On the south- 



