IMPLEMENTS. 87 



14, two or three inches long, set at an angle of 

 about a hundred and twenty degrees with the han- 

 dle B, which moves it, against a concave bed in the 

 wooden piece, C. The angle which the blade and 

 its bed form with the handles, imparts a sawing 

 motion to the knife, which renders it more effect- 

 ive. It may be used on stocks an inch or an inch 

 and a half in diameter. Pressing the top of the 

 stock from the operator with one hand, it is cut off 

 with remarkable ease by a single stroke given to 

 the shears 'with the other hand. Another perpen- 

 dicular stroke slits the stock for the graft, leaving 

 a perfectly smooth face cut for its reception. The 

 expedition and perfection of the work is thus greatly 

 facilitated. 



Small shears attached to a pole and worked by a 

 cord, (fig. 15) are useful for cutting grafts on tall 

 trees ; in removing the eggs of ca- 

 terpillars, (see chapter on the ap- 

 ple ;) and in taking off fine fruit to 

 prevent bruising, by attaching a 

 basket to the pole immediately un- 

 der the shears. Apples, and some 

 of the harder fruits, may also be 

 Fig.'is. gathered with an iron hook or 

 large bent nail, in the end of a pole, to draw the 

 fruit from the branch, caught in a basket just un- 

 derneath. 



In using the long handled pruning-saw, the pru- 



