DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 107 



THE USES of the apple are various. In addition 

 to culinary purposes and for the table, they have 

 been found excellent for fattening hogs, and feed- 

 ing cows, horses, and other domestic animals. For 

 cattle and horses, sweet ones are best. Molasses 

 is obtained by evaporating the fresh juice of sweet 

 apples in clean vessels ; and also by steaming 

 sweet or sour apples in a large vessel, a pan being 

 placed at the bottom to collect the molasses as it 

 descends. The manufacture of sugar from this 

 fruit is worthy of attention and experiment. 



DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 



These are not usually formidable, but occasion- 

 ally become so. Among the chief are, 1. Cater- 

 pillar; 2. Borer ; 3. Canker worm ; 4. Apple worm; 

 5. American Blight. 



1. Caterpillar. This has been the most seri- 

 ous enemy to the apple, in most parts of the coun- 

 try. It has its seasons of increase and decrease. 

 Some years it has nearly stripped whole orchards ; 

 and again it has diminished in numbers in succes- 

 sive years, till few could be found. It appears at 

 the present time to be rapidly on the increase. 



There are many species which feed on the apple 

 leaf; but the only one of importance, is that known 

 as the common orchard caterpillar, which is hatch- 

 ed in spring as soon as the leaf buds begin to open. 

 At this time, it is not the tenth of an inch long, 



