THE PEAR. 91 



quence of some abnormal condition of the wood, 

 as in the supposed condition of the peach in the 

 " yellows," and that prevention is to be sought 

 by imparting a healthy constitution. Certain it 

 is, however, that the disease seems to extend 

 from the top downwards, during the season of 

 growth, the leaves suddenly withering and turn- 

 ing black on certain limbs, the bark turning 

 dark as the disease descends. It is also certain 

 that a quick amputation below the affected 

 part will in most cases arrest the disease. But 

 heroic surgery is often necessary to make sure 

 of being below the virus. No very definite the- 

 ories can be given in regard to soil, climate, or 

 treatment, to prevent this disease. It is gener- 

 ally supposed, however, that too rank or imma- 

 ture growth, in rich, damp bottom lands favors 

 the disease. Some varities, like Anjou, are com- 

 paratively exempt. Keiffer is claimed to be 

 blight-proof, but the claim has been disputed. 

 At present the quick use of the amputating knife 

 is the only remedy. 



Cracking of the Fruit. Many varieties, like 

 the old St. Michael and Flemish Beauty, are so 

 liable to crack, that they are considered worthless 

 in most sections. This disease is also probably 

 caused by fungous growth, but observations are 

 lacking to determine whether a sulphur solution 



