138 FRUIT CULTURE. 



this is obtained there is little danger that the 

 vines will be injured by the winter. 



In covering arbors and buildings, the practice 

 has been to allow altogether too much growth of 

 wood, and to neglect almost entirely to check 

 the young shoots. If good fruit is desired, it 

 will be necessary to establish permanent canes 

 about four feet apart, on the sides and top of 

 the arbor, or upon frames six inches in front of 

 buildings, which canes are to be evenly supplied 

 with eyes, or spurs, about a foot apart. Fruit- 

 ing branches will start from these spurs, as 

 described for the horizontal arm, which are to 

 be nipped in midsummer and pruned in Novem- 

 ber in the same manner. By such systematic 

 training and pruning alone can we hope to 

 secure good fruit in addition to the shade. 



GRAPE HOUSES. 



No other fruit is raised so easily, or retains 

 its quality so well under glass, as the grape. 

 With simply a roof of glass, the back being 

 always open in summer, not only our best na- 

 tive varieties can be matured with certainty, 

 but also the European kinds can be safely 

 brought to perfection. The slight increase of 

 heat and also the protection from excess of rain 

 and from the cold dews of night are advantages 



