162 FRUIT CULTURE. 



either side of the canes and crossing at the stakes, 

 thus giving a loose support on both sides, and 

 confining the branches in the rows. A more 

 careful method is in practice in Europe, to spread 

 and tie the canes in exact position to wires. 

 Except for small lots, this would not be practi- 

 cable in this country. 



The raspberry produces fruit only upon the 

 wood of the previous year. Hence it is neces- 

 sary, while the old canes are maturing their 

 fruit, to select four or five young shoots in the 

 line of the row for fruiting canes in the following 

 year. All other suckers are to be removed with 

 the hoe, or weeder, as fast as they appear. Early 

 in September the canes which have borne fruit 

 should also be removed, thus giving the entire 

 space to the new canes to gather strength and 

 ripen for the next crop. These canes are to be 

 laid down and covered as before, and cut back 

 in the spring to three or four feet. 



The class of raspberries known as Black Caps 

 is generally of stronger growth, and so hardy as 

 not to require winter covering. It will be well 

 for these to increase the distance between the 

 rows to six feet, otherwise the treatment is the 

 same as for the red class. 



Summer pinching is recommended by some 

 cultivators and is largely practiced in England. 



