TRANSPLANTING. 63 



Straight before thus fixing it. Next, drive in one of the short 

 pegs or sticks at each point marked by the pin already de- 

 scribed. When this is done, one row will be marked. Then 

 remove the line, and mark each end of the field at right angles 

 to this in the same way. Lastly, mark the remaining side- 

 Before marking both ends, it is safest to stretch the line or 

 the fourth side, that all may be accurately spaced. Next, to 

 fill up this hollow square with the proper marks, stretch the 

 line successively between corresponding sticks on the oppo- 

 site sides, and mark as before till the whole is completed. If 

 the work has been carefully done, every stake will be found 

 to range perfectly. Every cord will stretch more or less, but 

 if stretched so that the ends will come out even each time, 

 which is attended with no difficulty, the rows will be perfect, 

 as shown in Fig. 95. 



Next take a strip of board, say about eight feet long and 

 six inches wide, as shown in Fig. 97, and cut a totch in one 



FIG. 96. FIG. 97. 



Tree Markers. 



side at the middle, just large enough to let in the stem of a 

 tree. Bore a hole through each end, exactly at equal dis- 

 tances from this notch. Then, whenever a tree is to be 

 planted, place the middle notch around the peg, and thrust 

 other pegs through the holes at the ends. Then take up the 

 board, leaving these two pegs, dig the hole, replace the 

 board, and set the tree in the notch. Proceed in this way till 

 the whole orchard is planted. It is obvious that the trees will 

 stand precisely where the first pegs were placed, and will 

 range in perfect rows. A large number or series of the two 

 pins may be set successively by the board, so that a number 

 of workmen may be digging and planting at the same time. 



TRANSPLANTING. 



Very few of our common fruit or ornamental trees ever 

 remain where they first came up from seed, but nearly all are 



