128 THINNING, GATHERING, KEEPING, MARKETING. 



to bring the head to its position with great ease, precision, 

 and accuracy. 



Fig. 193 shows another simple form of press, which requires 

 an iron yoke made as shown, and Fig. 194, a still more per- 

 fect press. 



PlG. 192. Simple Contrivance 

 for heading-up Apple-Bar- 

 rels. 



FIG. 193. Cheap Press for 

 heading-up Apple-Barrels. 



FIG. 194. Press for heading-up Appla- 

 Barrels. 



Before filling, the barrel should have the hoops firmly 

 driven on the bottom and nailed with shingle-nails, then 

 drive on the bulge hoops and secure them with three or four 

 barrel-nails in the outside ones. When filled, nail the head 

 firmly. It is a good precaution to nail a small hoop outside 

 each head and within the staves to prevent the bursting-out 

 of the heads, which otherwise sometimes happens through 

 careless handling. 



Half-barrels have been found convenient for packing and 

 keeping winter pears, and for sending them to market, packed 

 as described for apples. Pear-growers who send their crops 



