DESTRUCTIVE INSECTS. 205 



black-bodied, four-winged saw-fly emerges from its cocoon in 

 the soil in May, and the female, with her saw-like ovipositor, 

 inserts her eggs into the tis'sue of the under side of the leaf 

 near the veins. The eggs hatch in from seven to ten days. 

 Although the insect is closely allied to the common currant 

 saw-fly, the larvae differ remarkably in having their body pro- 

 fusely ornamented with spiny tubercles. When full grown in 

 June, the larvae of this raspberry saw-fly are about three- 

 fourths of an inch long and are nearly the color of the rasp- 

 berry leaf ; the spines on the back are blackish and those on 

 the sides pale green. They devour the whole leaf except the 

 mid-rib and larger veins. During the latter part of June they 

 enter the ground two or three inches and make an almost 

 waterproof brown cocoon, in which they remain all winter, 

 gradually changing through the pupa stage to the adult or saw- 

 flies the next spring. There is thus but one brood of the 

 larvae each season. 



The larvae are easily jarred or shaken from the leaves, and 

 some have reported success in controlling this pest on small 

 areas by hiring boys and girls to jar off the little feeders by 

 giving the canes light blows with a heavy, leafy switch, as a 

 light pine branch with a bunch of needles at the end; the 

 larvae find it difficult to return to the bushes, especially if the 

 ground between the rows be left well cultivated and crumbly, 

 and if the jarring be done in the heat of the day. 



An easier, cheaper and more effective method is to spray 

 infested bushes with Paris green or some similar poison, using 

 one pound in one hundred and fifty to two hundred gallons 

 of water. One thorough application is sufficient to destroy 

 most of the larvae. After the fruit is more than half formed, 

 use hellebore, either as a spray (one ounce to one gallon of 

 water) or dusted on when the dew is on. 



White Grubs (Lachnosterna sp.} (Fig. 273) are often a very 

 serious menace to successful strawberry culture. They are 

 the larvae of the large brown beetles (Fig. 274), commonly 

 known as May Beetles or " June-bugs." White grubs live upon 

 the roots of plants, and their usual feeding grounds are grass 

 lands. Hence, when strawberries are set on land which has 

 been in sod for several years, it often follows that they are 

 attacked by the grubs which had been living on the grass 



