THE DISEASES OF FRUITS. 



223 



are likewise sometimes attacked, and by means of these the 

 fungus is carried over the winter season. 



Remedies. In the first place let it be understood that the 

 scab fungus may be in the twigs, and it follows that any dead 

 stems and branches should be removed by pruning before the 

 growing season opens. That the scab starts early is also well 

 known, and fruits may be attacked before the blossom stage 

 is past. 



The sprayings with Bordeaux or cupram should begin early 

 and be timed as for the leaf blight above mentioned. Some 

 varieties are more susceptible than others, and in the setting 

 of orchards the selection should be made with this in mind. 



There are several other fungous diseases, as an anthracnose 

 (Colletotrichum sp.), but they need the same treatment as men- 

 tioned above. 



THE QUINCE. Rust (Gymnosporangium sp.) of the quince is 

 quite destructive in some places. It infests chiefly the stems 



FIG. 284. Two rusted young Quince fruits. . The left-hand one is attacked at 

 the blossom end and the other at the stem end. (From Bailey.) 



and fruit, upon the latter producing contorted forms with an 

 orange fringe-like coating (see Fig. 284). It is a close relative 

 of the apple rust, and like it has its corresponding winter form 

 also upon the cedar trees. Practically all that has been said re- 

 garding the life cycle of the apple rust applies with equal force. 



