298 APPLES. 



sometimes present a nearly uniform shade of red ; and in rare 

 instances, the brown cheek of a green or yellow variety ex- 

 hibits faint stripes. 



But these may be regarded rather as exceptions to general 

 characters, which are on the whole as clearly defined as any 

 other distinctive points of the different varieties. Controlling 

 circumstances will produce changes in all fruits, and descrip- 

 tions are not founded on extreme exceptions, but on average 

 characteristics. 



The SIZE is designated by comparison ; for example, the 

 Swaar and Baldwin are large; Herefordshire and Tolman 

 Sweet are medium; English Golden Pippin and Lady are 

 small. Qualifying terms give a more precise meaning as the 

 Fall Pippin and Monstrous are very large; Hawley and Mig- 

 nonne are quite large; Bullock and Early Strawberry are rather 

 small; and the Siberian Crab is very small. 



The illustrations in this chapter are all taken from average 

 sized specimens of the fruit, and uniformly reduced in size one- 

 half. The more valuable varieties are indicated by an asterisk, 

 thus*. 



DIVISION I.-SUMMER APPLES. 

 CLASS I. SWEET APPLES. 



Section 1. Striped with red. 



Beautiful Arcade. Medium, oblong, truncated, angular ; white, yel- 

 low splashed with crimson on side. A marked characteristic is 

 the roughened surface; cavity slightly abrupt, slightly wavy, 

 stem very short; basin wide, corrugated; flesh yeHow, firm, fine- 

 grained, sweet, and rich; best quality. Summer. Fig. 358. Rus- 

 sian. 



Foster. Large, roundish ; indistinctly striped, pale red on yellow ; 

 stalk short, calyx open ; basin deep, ribbed, sweet, rich. August. 

 Massachusetts. 



Sweet Borovinka. Medium, roundish, oblate; yellow, striped, and 

 splashed with red ; cavity acute ; stem short ; basin wide, shallow, 

 corrugated ; flesh white, firm, juicy, mild, quality good. Sum- 

 mer. Fig. 355. Russian. 



