49 6 THE PEAR. 



with the quince, that it is by no means certain that it may not 

 soon fail if worked in whatever manner. In some places, how- 

 ever, double-working has given it smooth and fair fruit where 

 it has been cracked and blighted on the pear. Both this and 

 the Flemish Beauty, as well as the Marie Louise and some 

 others, succeed well when grafted on the hawthorn. 



The changes wrought by the quince stock are often impor- 

 tant and interesting. T. Rivers states that the Aremberg 



FIG. 636. FIG. 637. 



a, Trunk of Dwarf Pear-Tree ; d, l>, Pear-Stocks Inserted Into it for New Bot- 

 tom ; , Cut for Receiving the Pear Stock ; </, Pear Stock, Cut Sloping 

 before Insertion. 



ripens several weeks earlier in winter ; that the Easter is ren- 

 dered more productive and matures its fruit, while on the pear 

 it is a bad bearer, and does not ripen ; that the Fortunee is a 

 " perfect crab" upon the pear, but on the quince is melting and 

 juicy ; that the Glout Morceau is imperfect and ripens badly 

 on the pear, but is always fair and attains a high and mature 

 flavor on the quince. As a general effect, the size of the fruit 

 is increased, but in a few cases it is rendered more gritty in 

 texture. 



Pruning Dwarf Pears. Dwarf pear-trees are usually pruned 

 into the pyramidal and contcaltorm, the latter differing only in 

 its broader shape. The principle to be adopted in pruning 

 has been already explained on a former page ; the extent to 

 which it must be carried should be such as to keep the trees 



