GLOSSARY. 813 



Pippin, an indefinite term applied to various apples differing in 

 size, shape, color, and flavor. 



Pistillate, flowers with pistils, but without stamens. 



Pith, the central mass of cellular tissue of exogenous stems. 



Pollen, the fertilizing powder or element of flowers. 



Pome, the apple, pear, and similar fruits. 



Pomology, the science of fruits. 



Primary roots, roots growing directly from the seed, as the tap- 

 root. 



Prostrate stem, one which lies flat on the ground. 



Pubescent, hairy. 



Punctated, dotted. 



Pyramidal, like a pyramid, longer than conical. 



Pyriform, pear-shaped, having a more or less drawn-out neck. 



Raceme, an inflorescence with nearly equal secondaiy axes along 

 the primary one, as the currant and wild cherry. 



Radical, proceeding from the root. 



Ringing, to remove a ring of bark around a branch or stem to 

 prevent the descending of the sap. 



Root, the descending axis of a plant. 



Root hairs, elongated cells of microscopic size upon the surface of 

 the younger fibrous roots ; produced during the growing season in 

 enormous numbers ; absent in dormant plants. 



Runcinate, coarsely saw-toothed. 



Runner, a slender prostrate branch rooting at the end and joints. 



Scabrous, rough to the touch. 



Scandent, climbing. 



Scape, a peduncle rising from the ground or near it. 



Scion, a shoot of one year's growth, for propagation of varieties; 

 a cutting. 



Secondary roots, adventitious roots. 



Sepals, the separate leaflets of the calyx. 



Serrate, saw-toothed. 



Shanking, a diseased shrivelling of the foot-stalks of grapes. 



Shorten in, to cut off more or less of the outer part of shoots. 



Sinuate, strongly wavy. 



Spathe, a tract which enfolds an inflorescence. 



Spine, a thorn. 



Spongiole, the minute spongy extremity of a fibrous root. 



Sport, an unusual departure in variation in a new seedling. 



Spur, a short stubby shoot, bearing fruit-buds or fruit. 



Standard, a fruit-tree not dwarfed nor trained to a wall or 

 trellis. 



Stigma, the part of the pistil on which the pollen is deposited. 



