146 Heredity and Eugenics 



sion can be obtained in properly guarded experiments and 

 reproduced at will, can the process be admitted as a true 

 evolutionary process. 



The problem, therefore, is to produce "somatic variations" 

 in a soma at such a time, or in such a fashion, that the germ 

 cells will not be affected by the action of the incident forces 

 used, and then by breeding discover if the change appears in 

 the progeny arising from the unstimulated germs. Evi- 

 dence of somatic influence upon germinal material may also 

 be obtained by transplanting germ glands, especially ovaries, 

 into different somas, as has been done by several experi- 

 menters.' 



The recent experiments of Guthrie,^ Castle,^ and Daven- 

 porf are well adapted to showing any possible action of the 

 soma upon the germ. In Guthrie's experiments proper 

 care was apparently not taken to determine the character 

 of the stocks used and to preclude the possibility of regener- 

 ated ovaries. Therefore his results are not conclusive. 

 Guthrie describes his experiments in the ingrafting of ovaries 

 between young females of single-combed black and single- 

 combed white leghorns, as follows: 



During the summer of 1904 I exchanged the ovaries between two 

 black and two white leghorn pullets, weighing about 650 gms. each. 

 One black and one white pullet were saved for controls. All did well 

 for some time after the operations, but during the winter, before the 

 laying season began, their condition became extremely poor, owing 

 largely to being kept in inappropriate quarters. 



' Castle has recently given a comprehensive resume of the ingrafting of germ 

 glands to which reference should be made for more detailed consideration. W. E. 

 Castle and J. C. Phillips, On Germinal Transplantalion in Vertebrates, Carnegie 

 Institution of Washington, No. 144, 191 1. 



^ C. G. Guthrie, "Further Results of Transplantation of Ovaries in Chickens," 

 Jour. Exp. Zool., V (1908). 



^ Ibid., 191 1. 



■t C. B. Davenport, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol, and Med., VII (1910), 168. 



