SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERS 



119 



RED VERSUS WHITE EYES. 



Red tf 



Red ? 

 White 9 



Red ? -54 

 White 9-82 



w . . 4 , J Red 9 - 40 

 Whlte ^ | White 9 -93 



Red d" - 53 

 White d - 14 



Red c? - 62 

 White cf - 19 



GRAY VERSUS YELLOW COLOR. 



_ „ f Gray 9 - 25 



GTayd (Yellow 9 "31 



Yellow <f 



Gray 9 



Gray 9 - 12 

 Yellow 9-30 



Gray d" - 60 

 Yellow d - 12 



Yellow 9 fSTV" 

 Yellow cf - 8 



NORMAL VERSUS CLIPPED 

 WINGS. 



Clipped cf - 51 

 Normal cf - 67 



M . f Clipped 9-27 



Normal <f | Normal ? _ 25 



GRAY-WHITE VERSUS YELLOW- 



Gray cf 

 Gray 9 



WHITE . 



Gray 9 - 11 

 Yellow 9-4 



Gray cf - 21 

 Yellow cf - 3 



were repeated with a new type that had yellow wings. 

 The gray male is more successful and the yellow females 

 less resistant. The results are in accord with the as- 

 sumption that greater vigor is an important factor 

 in success. 



The following mating bears on this point. Stur- 

 tevant used in competition a red- and a vermilion- 

 eyed male. The latter seems as vigorous as is the 

 red-eyed type. The results were : 



Red $ 



(Red $ 11 



} Vermilion 8 14 



showing that the red-eyed male has no advantage 

 when the males are equally vigorous. 



This evidence, taken as a whole, seems to me to show 

 with some probability that sight plays a minor role in 



