134 THE PLUMS OF NEW YORK 



scale is used to control this pest, but usually such treatment is supple- 

 mented by a summer spray about July first with such contact sprays as 

 whale oil soap and kerosene emulsion. Of the other scales ' which feed 

 upon plums and now and then become pestiferous the following may be 

 named: The fruit pulvinaria (Pulvinaria amygdali Cockerell), the mealy 

 bug (Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni), the scurfy scale (Chionaspis 

 furfur a Fitch), the West Indian peach scale (A ulacaspis pentagona Targioni), 

 the Putnam scale (Aspidiotus ancylus Putnam), the cherry scale (Aspid- 

 iotus forbesi Johnson), the walnut scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regia Corn- 

 stock) , Howard's scale (Aspidiotus howardii Cockerell) , the European 

 fruit scale (Aspidiotus ostreczformis Curtis), the red scale of California 

 (Chrysomphalus aurantii Maskell), the oyster-shell scale (Lepidosaphes 

 ulmi Linnaeus), and the soft scale (Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus). 



Wild plums of several species seem to be favorite feeding grounds 

 for the tent caterpillar * (Malacosoma americana Fabricius), but culti- 

 vated plums are not so often attacked ; the spraying with arsenites usually 

 given for the curculio is fatal to this pest as well. The spring canker- 

 worm ' (Paleacrita vernata Peck) and the fall canker-worm 4 (Alsophila 

 pometaria Harris) are other caterpillars which often do much damage 

 unless checked by destructive measures, of which the best are the arsenical 

 sprays. The larvae of a considerable number of other moths and butter- 

 flies are often found on plum foliage but seldom in such numbers as to 

 require systematic destruction. 



The eye-spotted bud-moth ' (Tmetocera ocellana Schiffermuller) is 

 a rather serious pest in plum nurseries where the larvae eat into the young 

 buds at the time they are opening, often destroying the shoots. Some- 

 times the larvae are found destroying buds on old trees. The arsenical 

 sprays are used to destroy this pest. The peach twig-moth (Anarsia 

 lineatella Zeller) is now and then found in plum twigs but is seldom classed 

 as a plum pest. 



The clover mite ' (Bryobia pratensis Garman) formerly considered 

 a serious pest of the plum only in the far West, is now abundant in plum. 



1 For references to these scales see Fernald, Mrs. M. E. Coccidae of the World Mass, 

 Sta. Bui 88:1-360. 1903. 



* Lowe, V. H. The Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar TV. Y. Sta. Bui. 152:279-293. 1898. 



' Riley, C. V. An. Rpt. State Entom. Mo. 2:94-103. 1870. 



4 Ibid. 7:83-90. 1875. 



6 Saunders, W. Insects Injurious to Fruits 95, 96. 1883. 



Riley, C. V. and Marlatt, C. L. The Clover Mite Insect Life 3:45-53- 1890. 



