ARTICULATIONS 15 



* a protrusion of the synovial membrane to form the bursa under 

 the psoas. 



The ilio-femoral ligament ( Y ligament of Bigelow] is accessory 

 to the capsule. It is attached above to the anterior inferior 

 iliac spine, and below it bifurcates and is attached to the 

 anterior intertrochanteric line at its outer and inner parts. 



Ischio-capsular ligament (accessory), from ischium below 

 acetabulum, to the circular fibres at the lower and back part 

 of the capsule. 



Pubo-femoral ligament (accessory) passes from the ilio- 

 pectineal eminence to the rough tubercle in front of the 

 trochanter minor. 



The ligamentum teres passes from the depression on the 

 head of the femur and spreads out to be attached to the 

 margins of the rough depression at the bottom of the aceta- 

 bulum. It consists of connective tissue and vessels, covered 

 with a reflection of synovial membrane. 



The cotyloid ligament, a dense fibre-cartilaginous rim, 

 prismatic on section, is attached to the edge of the aceta- 

 bulum, and to the transverse ligament. 



The transverse ligament is a narrow band which crosses 

 the cotyloid notch ; the nutrient vessels to the joint pass 

 under it. 



The synovial membrane is single, and is reflected over the 

 inner surface of the capsule on to the neck of the femur, thence 

 over the ligamentum teres to the bottom of the acetabulum, 

 where it loosely covers some fat. (Frequently communicates 

 with bursa under ilio-psoas tendon.) 



II. THE KNEE-JOINT. 



This is a ginglymus, and is formed by the condyles of the 

 femur, the head of the tibia, and the patella. 



The anterior or ligamentum patellae is the continuation of 

 the tendon of the quadriceps extensor. Above it arises from 

 the apex and rough marking on the lower and posterior sur- 

 face of the patella ; below it is attached to the lower part of 

 the tubercle of the tibia. There is a bursa between the upper 

 part of the tubercle and the ligament. 



The posterior ligament (ligamentum posticum Winslowii], 

 broad and thin, covers the back of the joint : it springs above 

 from the femur above the condyles, and is attached below to 

 the head of the tibia. From the semi-membranosus tendon 

 it receives a strong expansion, which passes superficially 

 from the inner tuberosity of the tibia to the inner side of the 

 upper part of the outer condyle of the femur. 



