MUSCLES 43 



upper 4 or 8 dorsal vertebrae(T) (External posterior branches 

 of dorsal and lumbar). 



Complexus : transverse processes of upper 6 dorsal and yth 

 cervical, articular processes of inferior 3 or 4 cervical, and 

 spinous process of yth cervical vertebrae(T) Impression 

 between superior and inferior curved lines of occiput(F) 

 (Suboccipital, internal posterior branches of cervical). [Ex- 

 tends head, and rotates face to the opposite side.] The inner 

 part of this muscle is sometimes described as a separate muscle, called 

 biv enter cervicis. 



BACK, 5TH LAYER. 



Semi-spinalis dorsi : transverse processes of loth, gth, 8th, 

 7th, and 6th dorsal vertebrae(x) Spinous processes of upper 

 four dorsal and last two cervical vertebrae(T) (Internal pos- 

 terior branches of dorsal). [Extends spine.] 



Semi-spinalis colli : transverse processes of upper 6 dorsal 

 (FT) spinous processes of and, 3rd, 4th, and 5th cervical 

 vertebrae(T) (Internal posterior branches of cervical). [Ex- 

 tends spine.] 



Multifidus spinse : back of sacrum as low as 4th sacral 

 foramen; inner surface of posterior superior iliac spine, 

 posterior sacro-iliac ligament, mammillary processes of lum- 

 bar, transverse processes of dorsal, articular processes of 

 lower 5 cervical vertebrae(Fx) spines and neural arches of 

 vertebrae from 3rd sacral to and cervical(p) (Internal posterior 

 branches of sacral, lumbar, dorsal and cervical). [Extends 

 spine.] Fills groove on either side of spinous processes of vertebra. 



Rotatores spinse, vel dorsi (eleven in number) : tip and 

 upper edge of transverse process of a dorsal vertebra(p) 

 lower border of lamina of vertebra next above (A) (Internal 

 posterior branches of dorsal). [Rotate spine.] 



Inter-spinales : placed in pairs, one on each side of inter- 

 spinous ligament between spinous processes (Internal posterior 

 branches of cervical, dorsal, and lumbar). [Extend spine.] 

 These muscles are wanting between ist and 2nd cervical, and all the 

 dorsal except first and last two pairs. 



Inter - transversales : lie between transverse processes. 

 Cervical (seven pairs, two sets). One set attached to anterior, 

 the other to the posterior tubercles. Dorsal. Single sets, 

 from three to six in number, attached to the processes of 

 the lower vertebrae. Lumbar. Four in number, the lower 

 ones filling up the spaces between processes entirely. A 

 second set here pass between adjacent accessory processes. 

 (Internal posterior branches of cervical, dorsal, and lumbar). 

 [Laterally flex spine.] 



