MUSCLES 45 



fascia lumborum(T) lower fibres end in the conjoined tendon, 

 inserted into pubes and pectineal line(x) ; rest of fibres ter- 

 minate in an aponeurosis attached to linea alba(A) (Lower 

 intercostals, Ilio-hypogastric, Ilio-inguinal) . [Supports and 

 compresses viscera.] As low as midway between pubes and 

 umbilicus, the aponeurosis is posterior to the rectus, but below this 

 level it is anterior. 



The Posterior aponeurosis of the Transversalis or fascia lumborum 

 is attached to the lower border of the last rib above, and to 

 the ilio-lumbar ligament and posterior part of the iliac crest 

 below. Tracing it towards the spine, it splits to enclose the 

 quadratus, and becomes attached to the lumbar transverse 

 processes. From the posterior of these layers a process is 

 given off to the lumbar spines, enclosing the erector spinse. 



Rectus abdominis : pubic crest and symphysis(x) ensiform 

 appendix, cartilages of 5th, 6th, and yth ribs, bone and 

 cartilage of 5th rib(FT) (Lower intercostals Ilio-hypogastric). 

 [Supports viscera, flexes spine, A drawing down thorax, 

 B drawing up pelvis, as in climbing.] Traversed by three or 

 four tendinous intersections, linea transverse. Sheath of rectus. 

 Aponeurosis of internal oblique splits at outer edge of muscle, 

 one piece passing anteriorly, the other posteriorly. The 

 posterior part is joined by aponeurosis of transversalis, and 

 is deficient at lower fourth ; the lower free border forms the 

 Fold of Douglas. The anterior part blends with aponeurosis 

 of the external oblique. 



Pyramidalis : front of pubes and anterior pubic ligament(x) 

 linea alba(x) midway between umbilicus and pubes (i2th 

 intercostal). [Makes linea alba tense.] Enclosed in sheath of 

 rectus, and frequently absent. 



Quadratus lumborum : Anterior part. Upper edge of trans- 

 verse processes of 3rd, 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae inner 

 lower border 1 2th rib. Posterior part. Ilio-lumbar ligament, 

 and inner lip of iliac crest for 2 inches external to it (A) apices 

 of transverse processes of upper four lumbar (T), inner in- 

 ferior border of i2th rib(p) (Anterior branches of lumbar). 

 [Flexes spine laterally, draws down last rib and with its fellow 

 extends spine.] 



THORACIC REGION. 



Intercostales extern! (n): outer lip of groove on inferior 

 border of rib, from the tubercle to costal cartilage(K) outer 

 -edge of superior border of rib belo W(F) (Intercostals) . [Elevate 

 Tibs and aid inspiration.] Fibres run downwards ana forwards. 



