i8 2 THE POCKET ANATOMY 



The filiform papilla are numerous, and are arranged in rows 

 parallel to the circumvallate, but towards the tip of the tongue 

 their direction becomes more transverse. 



Glands : near the circumvallate papillae are found numerous 

 mucous glands, known as the lingual glands. 



THE MUSCLES OF THE TONGUE. The extrinsic muscles of 

 the tongue are the hyo-glossus, genio-hyo-glossus, palato- 

 glossus, and the stylo-glossus. These have been described 

 (vide pp. 29 and 30). 



The intrinsic muscles are entirely contained within the sub- 

 stance of the tongue, and are as follows : 



The superior lingualis: one on each side. Longitudinal 

 fibres lying under the mucous membrane. It arises from 

 the fraenum epiglottidis, and from the fascia along the middle 

 line ; the fibres pass obliquely outwards, the anterior fibres 

 being longitudinal, to the side of the tongue. 



The inferior lingualis (2) is a bundle of muscular fibres 

 running along the under surface of the tongue from base to 

 tip. It lies between the genio-hyo-glossus and hyo-glossus 

 muscles. It arises from the fascia at the base of the tongue, 

 is joined anteriorly with some fibres of the stylo-glossus, and 

 passes to the apex. 



Transverse fibres form a horizontal layer of muscular fibres 

 'between the superior and inferior linguales. The fibres 

 spring from the septum and pass outwards to the sides of 

 the tongue. 



Vertical fibres arise from dorsum, and mingle with trans- 

 verse fibres. 



The septum of the tongue is a vertical fibrous partition, 

 extending, in the muscular portion, from the hyoid bone to 

 the apex. 



Arteries : lingual, tonsillar of facial. 



Nerves : lingual or gustatory to anterior two - thirds ; 

 glosso-pharyngeal to side and posterior third ; hypoglossal 

 to muscles. 



THE PALATE. 



The palate forms the roof of the mouth, and consists of 

 two parts the front being the hard palate, and the back the 

 soft palate. 



The hard palate consists of the palatal processes of the 

 superior maxillae and palate-bones, together with the mucous 

 membrane and the periosteum covering them . The descending 

 palatine artery and anterior palatine nerve run forwards 

 under cover of alveolus. 



