i go THE POCKET ANATOMY 



The following characteristics will serve to distinguish the 

 three parts of the small intestines : 



THE LARGE INTESTINE. 



Extent .- from the ileum to the anus. Length : 5 or 6 feet. 



Characteristics of Ccecum and, Colon. Larger size, more fixed 

 than the small intestine ; has appendices epiplo'icse. The 

 longitudinal muscular fibres are arranged in three bands, 

 which, being shorter than the other coats, cause sacculation. 



The caecum is a dilated pouch in which the large intestine 

 commences, situated in the right iliac fossa, and completely 

 covered by peritoneum ; at the lower, inner, and back part, 

 and generally attached by a mesentery to the caecum, is the 

 appendix vermiformis, a blind tubular projection, about 3 inches 

 long, and about the size of a large quill. 



The ileo-ccscal valve lies on the left side of the caecum ; is 

 formed by the two inner coats of the ileum passing through 

 the wall of the caecum. The upper fold is horizontal, and 

 called the ileo-colic. The lower is vertical, and termed the 

 ileo-caecal. The ridge on either side is called the frcznum. 



The COLON is divided into ascending, transverse, descend- 

 ing, iliac and pelvic. 



The ascending colon extends from the caecum to the under 

 surface of the liver to the right of the gall-bladder, where it 

 turns to the left, forming the hepatic flexure. It lies in the right 

 lumbar and right hypochondriac regions. The peritoneum 

 covers the anterior and lateral surfaces. Length, 8 inches. 



Relations. In front. The convolutions of the ileum. 



Behind. Iliacus, quadratus lumborum, outer side of right 

 kidney. 



The transverse colon passes in the umbilical region from 

 right to left, from the gall-bladder to the spleen. It forms 

 an arch, convex anteriorly and below : the transverse arch of 

 the colon. It is entirely surrounded by peritoneum, which is 

 attached posteriorly to the spine, forming the meso-colon. 

 Length, 20 inches. 



Relations. Above. Liver, gall-bladder, large curvature of 

 stomach, lower end of spleen. 



Below. Small intestines. 



Anteriorly. Anterior layers of great omentum, anterior 

 abdominal wall. 



