192 THE POCKET ANATOMY 



spongiosum (male), posterior wall of vagina, the perineum 

 intervening (female). 



Laterally and behind. Levatores ani, which, uniting, support 

 it as in a sling. Internal and external sphincters. Ischio- 

 rectal fossa. 



THE LIVER. 



Situation. Right and left hypochondriac and epigastric 

 regions. 



Average weight. 50 ounces. 



Upper surface. Convex, covered by peritoneum; above is 

 the diaphragm. It is divided into two unequal lobes (right 

 and left) by a fold of peritoneum, called the suspensory or 

 broad ligament. In relation with the diaphragm, 



Under surface. Concave, and is in relation with the stomach, 

 pylorus, duodenum, hepatic flexure, right kidney, and right 

 supra-renal body ; is covered with peritoneum, except where 

 gall-bladder is attached, and at the transverse fissure, and 

 at the fissure for ductus venosus, which give attachment to 

 the lesser omentum. 



Posterior surface. Is broad and round : connected to dia- 

 phragm over right lobe by the coronary ligament, (between 

 the two layers of which its surface is non-peritoneal. On 

 this surface, opposite the loth and nth dorsal vertebrae, is 

 the Spigelian lobe, which bounds the lesser sac in front. 

 Right supra-renal capsule, inferior vena cava, aorta, oeso- 

 phagus, and lesser peritoneal sac lie behind. 



Anterior surface. Triangular, and marked by a notch opposite 

 the attachment of the suspensory ligament. In relation with 

 diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall. 



Right surface. Convex and in relation with diaphragm. 



The LIGAMENTS are five in number ; four are composed of 

 peritoneum, and are : 



The suspensory, falciform, or broad ligament, sickle-shaped, 

 with the base forward. It is attached above to the diaphragm, 

 extending on to the sheath of rectus as far as the umbilicus, 

 and below from the notch in front, to the posterior edge of 

 the liver. The inferior edge encloses the round ligament. 



The lateral ligaments, right and left, extend from the sides 

 of the diaphragm to the posterior border of the liver. 



The coronary ligament is continuous with the lateral liga- 

 ments, and attaches the posterior surface of right lobe of 

 the liver to the diaphragm. 



The round ligament is the obliterated umbilical vein and 

 ductus venosus contained within the posterior or free edge of 

 the suspensory ligament. 



