THE PANCREAS 195 



Relations of the body : 



Upper surface. Stomach and small omentum : covered by 

 peritoneum. 



Posterior surface. Aorta, crura of diaphragm, splenic vein, 

 left kidney, left supra-renal body and left renal vessels. 



Upper border. From right to left ; creliac axis, splenic 

 artery. 



Inferior surface. From right to left ; duodeno-jejunal 

 flexure, splenic flexure, and small intestines : covered by 

 peritoneum. 



Left end or tail. Touches lower part of internal surface of 

 spleen. 



Right end or head. Embraced by three parts of duodenum, 

 from which it is partly separated, behind by common bile- 

 duct, and in front by pancreatico-duodenal arteries. Is 

 covered in front by transverse colon : the superior mesen- 

 teric vessels overlap the left end of the head, lying in a 

 groove on the anterior surface. Behind are inferior vena 

 cava and right renal vessels. 



Neck lies on the 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, from which 

 it is separated by the crura of the diaphragm, superior mesen- 

 teric vessels, and portal vein. 



Duct (canal of Wirsung) : extends transversely from left to 

 right, opens into 2nd part of the duodenum in common with 

 the ductus communis choledochus. 



Arteries: pancreatic of splenic, superior pancreatico-duo- 

 denal of hepatic, and inferior pancreatico-duodenal of superior 

 mesenteric. 



Veins : open into splenic and superior mesenteric. 



Nerves : from the solar plexus. 



THE SPLEEN 



situated in the left hypochondrium and epigastrium, is of an 

 oblong, flattened form, the external surface being convex ; 

 on the inner surface is a vertical ridge dividing it into two 

 parts, the posterior of which is applied to the outer surface 

 of the left kidney, whilst the anterior receives the tail of 

 the pancreas, and lies against the fundus of the stomach. 

 Near this ridge is a fissure, the hilum, where the vessels enter. 

 The anterior border is notched, and the inferior or basal sur- 

 face is triangular, and rests on the costo-colic ligament (vide 

 S. 191) and the splenic flexure. It is covered, except at the 

 ilum, by peritoneum, which here passes forwards and inwards 

 in a double line enclosing the vessels, as the gastro-splenic 



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