ig6 THE POCKET ANATOMY 



omentum, to the fundus of the stomach: behind the hilum 

 two layers pass on to the left kidney as lieno-renal ligament. 



Relations. External surface. Diaphragm, which separates 

 it from the gth, ioth, and nth left ribs and pleura. 



Internal surface. In front of the hilum. Fundus of stomach . 

 Behind the hilum. Left kidney, left supra-renal body. Below 

 the hilum. Tail of pancreas. 



Inferior surface. Costo-colic ligament and splenic flexure. 



Arteries: Splenic. 



Nerves : Branches from solar plexus of the sympathetic. 



THE PERITONEUM. 



The peritoneum is the serous membrane of the abdominal 

 cavity. It consists of a parietal layer lining the abdominal and 

 pelvic walls, and a visceral layer reflected more or less over 

 the contained organs. In the male it is a closed sac, but in 

 the female the free extremities of the Fallopian tubes open 

 into the cavity. The continuity of the peritoneum may bt, 

 traced in the following manner. 



Commencing at the middle line and passing horizontally, 

 the peritoneum lines the right half of the abdominal wall, 

 as far as the lumbar region, where it entirely surrounds the 

 caecum and vermiform appendix. It only invests the front 

 and sides of the ascending colon, though occasionally the 

 whole circumference of the gut is enclosed, a meso-colon 

 being then formed. The peritoneum then passes inwards, 

 covering the lower part of the anterior surface of the right 

 kidney, the front of the 3rd part of duodenum, and goes 

 downward over the front of the vessels of the small intestines, 

 encloses the small intestines, and is reflected upwards on the 

 posterior surface of the vessels to the spine, thus forming the 

 mesentery. From the spine it may be traced to the left over 

 the lower part of the anterior surface of the left kidney to the 

 descending and iliac colon, and thence on to the abdominal 

 parietes to the middle line. The descending and iliac colon 

 is invested in a similar manner to the ascending. 



The peritoneum of the pelvis is continuous with that of the 

 abdominal cavity. It encloses completely the pelvic colon, 

 and forms the pelvic meso-colon. It is applied to the 

 front and sides, and lower down to the front only of the 

 rectum, whence it is reflected in the male on to the base 

 and upper part of the bladder, forming the recto-vesical 

 pouch ; this is bounded on each side by the peritoneum 



