216 THE POCKET ANATOMY 



lower border of thyroid gland. It consists of two lateral lobes 

 with occasionally a middle connecting one. 



Relations in early life : 



Base. Pericardium. 



Behind. Trachea, pericardium, and great thoracic vessels. 



In front. Sternum as low as 4th costal cartilages, origins of 

 sterno-hyoid and sterno- thyroid muscles. 



Externally. Pleura, sheath of carotid. 



Internally. Opposite lobe and side of trachea. 



THE URINARY ORGANS. 



THE KIDNEYS. 



The kidneys secrete the urine, and are situated for the 

 most part in the hypochondriac and epigastric regions of 

 the abdomen behind the peritoneum, extending from the 

 nth rib to within an inch of the crista ilii, the right being 

 placed lower than the left, and lying slightly in the right 

 lumbar and umbilical regions. The average length of each 

 kidney is 4 inches, breadth 2 inches, and thickness i inch. 

 Weight 4^ ounces. 



Relations. The relations of the two kidneys differ some- 

 what ; each is placed so that its anterior surface looks out- 

 wards and the posterior inwards, the upper end being nearer 

 the mid-line than the lower. Each kidney is covered partly 

 on its anterior surface by peritoneum. 



Relations of the Right Kidney. 

 In front. Behind. 



Right lobe of liver. Diaphragm, 



znd part of duodenum. Quadratus lumborum. 



Hepatic flexure of colon. Psoas. 



(Of which the last two Fasciae covering these 

 areas are non-peritoneal.) muscles. 



Anterior lamella of lumbar 



aponeurosis. 

 Last dorsal. \ 

 Ilio-hypogastric, I Nerves. 



ilio- inguinal, J 

 ist lumbar artery. 

 Pleura. 



Last intercostal space and 

 I2th rib. 



