THE URINARY ORGANS 



219 



obliquely on each side of the bladder is the obliterated 

 hypogastric artery, which marks the lateral limit of its peri- 

 toneal covering ; the vas deferens crosses obliquely the lower 

 part of the lateral surface along the inner side of the ureter 

 and obliterated hypogastric artery. 



The base or fundus is directed backwards and downwards. 



In the 



Rectum, from 

 which it is 

 separated by 



Relations of the Base. 



Male. 



Above. 



Recto - vesical 

 pouch of peri- 

 toneum. 



Below. 

 Recto-vesical 



fascia. 

 Vasadeferentia and 



vesiculae semin- 

 , ales. 



In the Female. 

 Pouch of Douglas 

 Cervix uteri and 



anterior vaginal 



wall. 



The cervix or neck of the bladder is the part continuous 

 with the urethra, and is embraced in the male by the prostate. 



LIGAMENTS. There are two sets of ligaments of the 

 bladder true and false. 



The true ligaments are two anterior and two posterior. 

 These are formed of recto-vesical fascia, and are described 

 on p. 48. The urachus is usually described as the 5th or 

 superior true ligament. 



The false ligaments, five in number, are formed of peri- 

 toneum ; there are two posterior, two lateral, and an anterior, 

 the latter covering the urachus. They have been described 

 on p. 200. 



Interior of the Bladder. Upon the inner surface of the base 

 of the bladder, just behind the urethral orifice, is a triangular 

 smooth surface or trigone, with the apex looking forwards. 

 It is bounded laterally by two ridges passing to. the openings 

 of the ureters, the posterior angles being formed by those 

 openings, placed i inches apart; at its apex there is an 

 eJevation, formed by the prostate, called the uvula vesicce, 

 which is i^ inches from the ureters. The mucous membrane 

 over the trigone is smooth, but everywhere else elevated upon 

 the irregular muscular wall and is rugose. 



