232 POPULAR FRUIT GROWING. 



are that probably the vines are too crowded and the foliage and 

 fruit do not have the best chance to develop. This crowding 

 also encourages disease. 



High renewal method of training is a form of the upright 

 system that is extensively and successfully employed on a large 

 scale. It starts the branching of the vine at about twenty-four 

 inches from the ground, which is the height of the lower wire 

 of the trellis. A single stem is carried up to the wire where 

 it branches and its two arms are trained in opposite directions 

 along the wire. In this style of training, the end of the second 

 season will find the vine with two well developed canes extended 

 on the lower wire of the trellis. These should be cut back at 

 pruning time to firm, strong wood. At the beginning of the third 

 season, the buds on this wood will start and form canes that 

 should be trained upward and be tied to the second wire. The 

 third wire is generally put up during the second season, although 

 it is very likely that it will not be needed until the following 

 year. Some of the upright shoots will bear a little fruit the third 

 season but unless the growth is very strong, this should not be 

 permitted. At the end of the third season, all the vine is cut 

 away except two strong canes nearest the center of the vine, 

 which are merely cut back to firm wood and extended along the 

 lower wire. It is from these canes that the vine starts the next 

 year. The subsequent training of the vine is a continued suc- 

 cession of preserving the two best central shoots and the cutting 

 away of all the rest of the vine. If the two central shoots are 

 not strong enough, the nearest strong shoots are preserved. 



Fif .110. Vine in Figure 109 after pruning. 



