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218 GARDENS: THEIR FORM AND DESIGN 



down the hill. The plots for vegetables can be sheltered 

 at each side by espaliers of fruit. Apples or pears, goose- 

 berries or currants, grown upon fences, will thus take 

 the place of the vine espaliers which they have in Italy. 



Sometimes the ground of these Italian gardens lies in a 

 sort of sloping amphitheatre, which has an open south or 



south - eastern 

 aspect, but is 

 protected from 

 north and west. 

 If the ground 

 does not of itself 

 give this protec- 

 ) Jf; tion, and should 

 it be greatly re- 

 quired, it is very 

 easy, with the 

 help of a few 

 navvies, to throw 

 up a great mound 

 of poor soil, 

 stones, or rub- 

 bish ; and by col- 

 lecting a foot or 

 more of good 

 soil and placing this on the surface an ornamental and 

 protecting mount is formed. It can be placed upon which- 

 ever side the prevailing wind is most punishing. If the 

 weather comes from the south-east, this erection of earth 

 will well protect plants that are upon the opposite side. 

 Such a mount can be planted with trees and shrubs and 

 quickly made quite an ornament, adjacent to either the 

 practical working kitchen-garden or to the pleasure-ground. 

 Where it is considered best to unite beauty with the 

 practical side, and to have a good herbaceous border in 



FIG. 123. 

 A, Tank. B, Path. 



C, Herbaceous border. 



D, Posts with chains for climbers. 

 E, Fruit espalier. 



