CONTENTS 



xiii 



Study 47. The local resident terrestrial vertebrate fauna, p. 383. 

 Study 48. A laboratory examination of typical pond animals, p. 386. 

 Study 49. A field study of pond animals, p. 388. 

 Study 50. The relations of fungus and alga in the lichen, p. 394. 

 Study 51. A comparative examination of a series of adult parasites, of 



a single order, p. 400. 

 Study 52. Pollen production as affected by its mode of distribution, p. 



402. 



Study 53. The principal types of gills found in aquatic insects, p. 410. 

 Study 54. The comparative development of respiratory apparatus in 



aquatic inesct larvae, p. 413. 

 Study 55. A comparison of the structure of ground beetle and diving 



beetle, p. 417. 

 Study 5<5. A comparative study of the size and activities of diving 



beetles, p. 418. 



Study 57. Field observations on diving beetles, p. 420. 

 Study 58. The adaptive structures of diving beetles, p. 421. 

 Study 59. Examples from the local fauna of the principal types of 



animal coloration, p. 432. 



CHAPTER VII. 

 THE RESPONSIVE LIFE OF ORGANISMS. 



Introduction, p. 434. 



I. ANIMAL ACTIVITIES, p. 437. i. Some typical sensory phe- 

 nomena of the Protozoza, p. 437. Organs of out-reach, p. 

 438. Some reactions of Paramoecium, p. 439. 2. Some 

 general features of the sensory mechanism in the Metazoa, p. 

 441. Intercommunication without nerves, p. 442. Sense 

 organs p. 444. Nerve and muscle, p. 448. The reflex 

 arc, p. 450. Control circuits, p. 453. Cephalisation, p. 455. 

 A mechanism for adaptation of the individual, p. 457. Re- 

 lations between parts and functions in, the vertebrates p. 

 460. 3. Some typical sensory phenomena of the Metazoa, 

 p. 469. Automatic unvarying activities, p. 469. Respon- 

 ses automatically varying, p. 469. Sequences of automatic 

 activities, p. 473. Learning by experience, p. 479. 

 II. THE RESPONSIVE LIFE OF MAN p. 485. i. The natural 

 history of man, p. 485. Distinguishing human character- 

 istics, p. 486. Language, p. 489. Tool using, p. 490. Use 

 of fire, p. 491. 2. Unwritten human history, p. 492. Ar- 



