36 



ORGANOGKAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



bracts at the base of the partial umbel (Fool's Parsley, fig. 139). 



and involucel may be absent (Fennel, fig. 137). 



4. In the spike (spica], the flowers 

 are sessile or subsessile on the primary 

 axis (Plantain, fig. 140 ; Vervain, fig. 

 141). In the compound spike (s. composite) 

 the secondary axes each bear a small 



Both involucre 



114. Willow. StamlnifbTons catkin. 



145. Willow. PUtilliferoui catkin. 



14(5. Oak. 

 Stamlnifcrous catkin. 



14!t. Arum. 

 Spadix pxpofed by 



the removal of 

 part of the spntbe. 



distichous spike (spikelet, Wheat, fig. 142). In many 

 grasses, the spikelets are borne on long branching 

 pedicels, forming a panicle (Oat, fig. 143). 



The catkin (amentum) is a spike, the flowers of 

 which are incomplete (i.e. they want either stamens 

 or pistil), and which is deciduous when mature 

 (Mulberry; Willoiv, figs. 144, 145; Oak, fig. 146). 



The cone (strolilus) is a catkin with large thick 

 scales, principally found on certain evergreen trees, 

 hence named Conifers (Pine, fig. 147). The spike 

 of the Hop (fig. 148) is a cone with large membranous bracts. 



The Kpadix (lyyadix) is a spike of incomplete flowers, which, when 

 young, is enveloped in a large bract or tspathe (spathd). The axis 



of the spadix sometimes 

 flowers throughout its 

 length, sometimes the 

 upper portion is flowerless 

 (Arum, fig. 149). The 

 branched spadix of Palms 

 is called a ' regime ' (in 

 French). 



5. In the head (capi- 

 tulum) the flowers are 

 collected into a head or 

 depressed spike, of which the primary axis is vertically contracted, thus gaining 

 in thickness what it has lost in length (Scabioiis, fig. 150 ; Trefoil, fig. 151), and the 



117. Pine. Cone. 



148. Hop. Cone. 



