THE FLOWER. 



45 



An incomplete flower (fl, incompletus) is one in which calyx, or corolla, or 

 androecium, or pistil is absent. The single or double whorl which surrounds the 

 androecium and pistil (or essential organs of the flower) is called a perianth 

 ( perianthium. perigonium) . 



A dichlamydeous flower (fl. dichlamydeus) is one with a double perianth, i.e. with 

 two whorls, calyx, and corolla (Wallflower, fig. 7); which are similar in form or 

 colour or not. When both whorls are green and calyx-like (Rumex, fig. 185), the 

 perianth is called calycoid, calycine, or foliaceous (p. foliaceum), and when both are 

 coloured or corolla-like (Lily, fig. 186), it is called petaloid (p.petaloideum). In Nar- 

 cissus (fig. 187) there is a fringed cup within the petaloid perianth, which is greatly 

 developed in the common species here figured, but is much less so in the Narcissus 

 poeticus, and other species. In these latter it is cut into six lobes, alternating with 

 those of the double perianth, whence some botanists 

 have concluded that it represents two confluent whorls 

 analogous to the outer ones. Others regard this cup 

 of Narcissus as formed by lateral expansion of the 

 confluent filaments. In Orchis (fig. 188) the petaloid 



188. Orchis. 



Flower with a double 



irregular petaloid 



perianth. 



18!). Chenopodium. 

 Monoperianthed flower. 



191. Ash. 

 Naked flower. 



190. Aristolochia. 

 Monoperianthed 

 flower with irregular 

 perianth. 



192. Carex. 

 J? flower. 



perianth has six unequal, spreading lobes, of which the upper are erect and form 

 the hood (galea) ; the lowest is dilated, variable in shape, and called the lip 

 (labellum) ; it is sometimes produced into a sac, or spur (calcar). 



A monochlamydeous perianth (p. simplex) is usually con- 

 sidered as a calyx, and the flower is said to be apetalous 

 (fl. apetalus). It may be foliaceous (Chenopodium, fig. 189), or 

 petaloid (Anemone, fig. 230), or irregular (Aristolochia, fig. 190). 



An achlamydeous flower (fl. achlamydeus) has neither calyx 

 nor corolla ; it may be protected by one or more bracts (Carex, 

 figs. 192, 193), or altogether unprotected (fl. nudus, Ash, fig. 191). 



A hermaphrodite flower (fl. hermaphroditus, $) possesses 

 both androecium and pistil (Wall/lower, fig. 7) ; the flower 

 is male (fl. masculus, $ ) when it has androecium without pistil 

 (Carex, fig. 192) ; -female (fl. foemineus, $ ), when it has pistil 

 without androecium (Carex, fig. 193) ; and neuter or sterile (fl. sterilis, neuter}, when 

 it has neither androecium nor pistil (outer flowers of the Corn/lower, fig. 194); 



193. Carex. 9 flower. 



