THE FEUIT. 



101 



a border with the concavity outside ; the bottom of this border rolls over the 

 concavity, and ruptures the wall of the ovary, forming between each sepal a little 

 round protuberance, and the seeds escape 

 by pores which are on a level with their 

 placentas. In the Snapdragon (fig. 545), 



540. Mignonette. 

 Fruit. 



545. Snapdragon. 

 Fruit. 



644. Harebell. 

 Fruit. 



the upper carpel, that next the axis, opens near the persistent style by small free 

 valves ; the lower carpel, which is gibbous below, opens by two similar collateral 



valves, also near the style. The entire fruit, when seen 

 in front, resembles a monkey's face, the style being the 

 nose, the hole of the upper carpel the mouth, the two other 

 holes the eyes, and the persistent calyx a head-dress. 



The siliqua (siliqua} is a capsule with two carpels ; 

 it is properly one-celled (Chelidonium, fig. 546), but usually 



547. 



Wallflower. 

 Fruit. 



548. 



Whitlow-grass. 

 Fruit (mag.). 



549. Cochlearia. 

 Fruit. 



550. Thlaspi. 

 Fruit (mag.). 



551. Bunias. 



Fruit. 



552. Bunias. 

 Fruit, open. 



two-celled by a spurious membranous septum, and opens from bottom to top by 

 two valves, the seed-bearing parietal placentas persisting (Wallflower, fig. 547). 

 The silicule (silicula) is a siliqua of which the length 

 does not much exceed the breadth (Whitlow-grass, fig. 

 548 ; Cochlearia, fig. 549; Thlaspi, fig. 550). In some 

 cases the siliqua is lomentaceous, separating transversely 

 into one-seeded joints (Radish). In the Bunias (figs. 

 551, 552), each of the two cells of the silicule is two- 

 seeded and two-celled, by a longitudinal septum. In 

 Crambe (fig. 553), the silicule is compressed, and 

 originally consists of two unequal one-seeded cells, but 

 whilst the seed of the upper cell becomes developed, that of the lower cell is 

 arrested, its funicle being strangled in the septum ; and the result is a one-seeded 



554. Myagrum. 

 Fruit, open. 



