104 



OEGANOGEAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



small watery cells which spring from the walls of the cavities, and extend to the 

 seeds (Orange, fig. 568). The gourd (pepo) is a berry composed of three to five 

 (rarely one) carpels, united to the receptacular tube, and forming a single cell wilh 

 very fleshy seed-bearing parietal placentas (Melon, Pumpkin, Sechium, Briony}. 

 The pome (pomum, melonida, figs. 569, 570), is a berry composed of many (usually 



five) cartilaginous carpels (E), 



v 



forming five cells, and united to 

 the receptacular tube (T) (Apple, 



6(j(S. Orange. 

 Fruit cut transversely. 



570. Apple. 

 Fruit cut vertically. 



69. Apple. 

 Fruit cut transversely. 



571. Mulberry. 

 Fruit. 



Pear, Quince). 9. The compound drupe (nuculanium) is fleshy, and encloses many 

 stones, which are sometimes connate (Dogwood), sometimes free (Medlar, Beam, 

 Sapotilla). 



Aggregate fruits is the name given to fruits that result from the union of several 

 flowers ; these component fruits are included amongst the above-described varieties. 

 In the Honeysuckle, the fruit is formed of two connate, but originally free berries. 

 In the Mulberry (fig. 571), the true fruit consists of a spike or head of small drupes, 

 each enveloped in a succulent calyx. The Fig (fig. 158) is a pyriform body, fleshy, 

 hollow, bracteate at the base, the mouth furnished with little scales, and serving as 



a common receptacle to 

 the flowers enclosed in its 

 cavity, the males above, 

 the females below. In the 

 Pine-apple (fig. 572), the 

 flowers are spiked and 

 pressed round an axis 



572. Pine-apple. 



673. Pine. 



Carpel (uiag.) bearing 



two seeds. Oh, chalaza ; 



si , micropvle. 



574. Pine. Fruit. 



675. Cypress. Fruit. 



terminating in a tuft of leaves ; the ovaries form so many berries, but the calyces, 

 the bracts, and the axis itself become fleshy. The Pine-cone (conus, strobilus) 

 is an aggregate fruit, which has nothing in common with the preceding ; the 

 carpels, represented by scales (fig. 573), have neither style nor stigma, and do not 



