108 



ORGANOGEAPHY AND GLOSSOLOGY. 



Form and Surface of the Seeds. According to their form, seeds are globular, ovoid, 

 reniform, oblong, cylindric, turbinate, flattened, lenticular, angular, &c. ; some are 

 irregular, flat, and rather like grains of sawdust, and are said to be scobifyrm (s. scobi- 

 formia) ; flattened seeds with thick and projecting edges are said to be margined 

 (s. marginata) (Spergularia, fig. 595), or winged if these margins become broad and 

 membranous (Bignonia, Pine, fig. 596). The surface may be smooth (s. Iceve, Colum- 

 bine, fig. 597) ; wrinkled (s. rugosum, Fennel, fig. 598) ; striate (s. striatum, Tobacco, 

 fig. 599) ; ribbed or furrowed (s. costatum, Larkspur, fig. 600) ; reticulate (resembling 

 a sort of network (s. reticulatum, Cress, fig. 601) ; punctate (s. punctatum), i.e. marked 

 with little dots; alveolate (s. alveolatum), i.e. covered with little pits resembling 



fiOl. Cress. 

 Seed (mag.). 



f>02. Poppy. 

 Seed (mag.). 



honeycomb (Poppy, fig. 602) ; tubercled (*. tuberculatum) , i.e. furnished with small 

 rounded projections (Stellaria, fig. 603) ; aculeate (s. aculeatum), i.e. bristling with 

 small points (Snapdragon, fig. 604) ; glabrous (Flax) ; hairy (Cotton). Some seeds 

 have a pulpy testa (Gooseberry, fig. 605 ; Pomegranate) ; others are covered with oily 

 glands, often arranged in bands (Angelica, fig. 606) ; sometimes placed in furrows 

 (Juniper, fig. 607). 



The hilum, or point by which the seed is attached to the funicle or placenta, 

 forms a depressed or prominent scar ; in the middle or towards one side of this scar, 

 is the umbilicus, a very small simple or compound orifice, indicating the passage of 

 the nourishing vessels of the funicle into the seed. The chalaza, or internal hilum, 



i 



604. Snapdragon. 

 Seed (mag.). 



605. Gooseberry. 



Seed cut 

 vertically (inag.). 



606. Angelica. 

 Seed (mag.). 



CO". Juniper. 

 Seed (mag.). 



608. Orange. 

 Seed, open. 



forms sometimes a more or less distinct protuberance, sometimes a sort of knob, 

 sometimes a simple blotch (Orange, fig. 608, Almond). The raphe, which maintains 

 the communication between the hilum and chalaza when these are separated during 

 the development of the ovule, appears like a band along one side of the seed ; often 

 it branches out in the thickness of the testa (Almond, Orange, fig. 609). The micro- 

 pyle, which in the ovule formed a large gaping opening, remains visible on some 

 seeds (Bean, Kidney -bean, Pea) ; it disappears in most, but its position is usually 

 indicated by that of the tip of the radicle. 



The Proper and Accessory Coats of the Seeds. Seeds do not always possess a 



