278 XXXV. CHL^NACE^E. 



PRINCIPAL GENERA. 



Dryobalanops. Dipterocarpus. Anisoptera. Vatica. Lophira. Shorea. 



Hopea. Dovua. Valeria. Monoporandra. ? Ancistrocladus. 



Dipterocarpea; are allied to Tiliacca; and Tenistrccmiacea; differing from both in their resinous juice, 

 from the former in their imbricate calyx, and from the latter in their enlarged fruiting calyx and solitary 

 exalbuminous seed. The remarkable Indian and African genus Ancistrocladus, which is a climber, has 

 little affinity with the rest of the order, and has been referred to Tercbinihacea by Thwaites, and 

 doubtfully placed near Gynocarpea by Oliver. 



All are natives of the hot damp forests of India and the Malayan islands, except a few African species. 

 Many Dipterocarpea are valued for their magnificent timber; as the Sal (Shorea robusta), which alao 

 yields the Dammar resin, called Ral or Dhooma in India. The famous Borneo camphor is the produce of 

 Dryobalanops Camphora ; it is found in the form of yellow rectangular prisms in fissures of the wood, and 

 is chiefly exported to China, where it is employed as a tonic and aphrodisiac ; in Borneo itself it is used 

 as a diuretic and in nephritic affections, and as a popular remedy for rheumatism. The tree yielding this 

 drug is the noblest in the Bornean forests, attaining 180 feet in height, with gigantic buttresses. The 

 wood is dense and hard, and preferred to all others for boat planks ; it is reddish and fragrant when first 

 cut; the flowers are deliciously fragrant, and the leaves give a blue tinge to water. 



The resin of Dipterocarpus trinervis is made into plasters, as also into a tincture with alcohol, and 

 into an emulsion with eggs, useful in diseases of the mucous membrane. The Javanese smear the resin 

 on plantain leaves, and thus make torches which yield a white light and have no unpleasant smell. 

 Dammar resin is also yielded by Vatica baccifera and Tumbityaia. Vaferia indica yields the Indian Copal, 

 Tiney varnish, or white Diunniiir, sometimes called Indian Animi, which is also used as a medicine and 

 made into candles. Wood-oil is the produce of various species of Dipterocarpnx, as l&vis, angiuttifoliw, 

 zrylanicux, hij)i(hix. Duma zeijlanica exudes a colourless guni-resin, much used in Ceylon as a varnish. 

 ED.] 



XXXV. CllLsENACE^ Tkouar*. 



[SHRUHS or TREES. LEAVES alternate, quite entire, coriaceous, penninerved, 

 folded in bud ; stipules or very caducous. FLOWERS 5 , regular, in dichotoinous 

 cymes or panicles, bracteolate or involucellate. SEPALS 3, free, imbricate. PETALS 

 5-6, contorted in bud, free, hypogynous. STAMENS lO-oo , inserted within an entire 

 or toothed cup ; filaments filiform ; anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally, con- 

 nective often produced. OVARY 3-celled ; style long, simple ; stigma 3-lobed ; ovules 

 2 pendulous, or <x> horizontal in each cell, anatropous. CAPSULE loculicidally 3- 

 valved, or by arrest 1 -celled and 1 -seeded. SEEDS pendulous or sub-horizontal ; testa 

 coriaceous; albumen fleshy or horny. EMBRYO straight; cotyledons leafy, flat or 

 plaited ; radicle superior. 



GENERA. 

 Sarcolaena, Leptolaena. Schizoleena. Rhodolaena. 



A small and little known Madagnscan order, allied to Tiliacea;, but with imbricate sepals ; also allied 

 to Temsf.rcemtacc<e, but distinguished by the stipules, inflorescence, staminal cup, and uniformly contorted 

 petals. From Dipterocarpea it differs in having albuminous seeds. 



Nothing is known of the uses of this order. ED.] 



1 This order is omitted in the original, and is supplied here from the ' Genera Plantarum.' En. 



